Carbon Emissions Effect on Vendor-Managed Inventory System Considering Displaced Re-Start-Up Production Time

Background: The classical mathematical formulation of the vendor-managed inventory (VMI) model assumes an infinite planning horizon, and consequently, solution derived ignored impact first cycle. is associated with another implicit assumption that input parameters remain static indefinitely. Methods: This paper develops two models for VMI a joint economic lot-sizing (JELS) policy. Each considers investment in green production, energy used keeping items storage, carbon emissions from transportation activities under cap-and-trade underlies cycle, while second subsequent cycles. Results: re-start-up production time cycles commences only at required to produce replenish lot, which implies further cost reduction. Mathematical formulations are perceived as important both academics practitioners. For example, base cycle (subsequent cycles) generates optimal produced quantity 18.42% (4.35%) less total system when compared pest scenario favor existing literature. Moreover, such percentage reduction increases rate increases. Further, proposed not better results but also offer opportunity adjust cycles, where each independent previous one. Conclusions: generated by very much related demand amount production. Illustrative examples, special cases, overview, managerial insights given. discussion contribution model, concluding remarks, research provided. rectifies adopted literature, can be extended implemented several interesting inquiries JELS modeling.